Paul's new doctrine met with disapproval from the Jewish-Christians of the Jerusalem Church led by James, who regarded the substitution of Jesus' atoning death for the observance of the Torah as a lapse into paganism.
Paul was duly summoned to Jerusalem by the leaders James, Peter and John to explain his doctrine in 50 AD.
'Black' is a broad racial term describing people of African descent globally, including those from the Caribbean, Europe, and Latin America. 'African American' is an ethnic descriptor specifically tracking descendants of enslaved Africans in the United States.