WIth British support, Sharif Hussein fought the Ottomans to win Arabia (Sykes-Picot) 1/2

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Uploaded: 26 Nov 2013 (13 years ago) · Shared: 24 Apr 2019

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Part-2 of this video is @ http://youtu.be/qzzaypUHLXs [select the **show more** control to display additional info] see full video @ Promises and Betrayals - Middle East -

History
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There is no evidence to suggest that Sharif Hussein bin Ali was inclined to 'Arab Nationalism' before 1916, however the rise of 'Turkish Nationalism' in the Ottoman Empire, that culminated in the 1908 Young Turks revolution displeased the Hashemites and resulted in a rift between them and the new government. During World War I, Hussein initially remained allied with the Ottomans but began secret negotiations with the British on the advice of his son, Abdullah, who had served in the Ottoman parliament up to 1914 and was convinced that it was necessary to separate from the increasingly nationalistic Ottoman administration.

Starting in 1915, as indicated by letters of the British representative, Henry McMahon. The Secretary of State for War, Lord Kitchener, appealed to Hussein for assistance in the conflict on the side of the Triple Entente. Hussein demanded recognition of an Arab nation that included the Hejaz and other adjacent territories as well as approval for the proclamation of an Arab Caliphate of Islam. McMahon accepted and assured him that his assistance would be rewarded by an Arab empire encompassing the entire span between Egypt and Persia, with the exception of imperial possessions and interests in Kuwait, Aden, and the Syrian coast. But after protracted negotiations, with neither side committing to clear terms, including on key matters such as the fate of Palestine, Hussein became impatient and commenced with what would become known as The Great Arab Revolt against Ottoman control in 1916.

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EXPLORE TOPICS : SYKES-PICOT | 3 SHARIF HUSSEIN | 3 OTTOMAN | 6 BRITISH | 42

Overview & Key Concepts

Who is Sharif Hussein?

Hussein ibn Ali al-Hashimi (1854-1931) was a Hashemite Arab leader who was the Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908. He was said to be a 37th-generation

direct descendant of Muhammad as he belong to the Hashemite family. In 1916, with the promise of British support for Arab independence, he proclaimed the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Empire. After World War I, Hussein refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, in protest at the Balfour Declaration and the establishment of British and French mandates in Syria, Iraq, and Palestine. He later refused to sign the Anglo-Hashemite Treaty and thus deprived himself of British support when his kingdom was invaded by Ibn Saud. In October 1924, facing defeat by Ibn Saud, he abdicated and was succeeded as king by his eldest son Ali.

What is Sykes-Picot?

Sykes-Picot Agreement was a secret 1916 agreement between the United Kingdom and France. The agreement allocated to Britain control of areas roughly

comprising the coastal strip between the Mediterranean Sea and the River Jordan, Jordan, southern Iraq, and an additional small area that included the ports of Haifa and Acre, to allow access to the Mediterranean. France got control of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq, Syria and Lebanon. Russia was to get Istanbul, the Turkish Straits and Armenia. The controlling powers were left free to determine state boundaries within their areas. The agreement effectively divided the Ottoman Arab provinces outside the Arabian peninsula into areas of British and French control and influence.

Who was the Ottoman?

The Ottoman Empire historically known in Western Europe as the Turkish Empire or simply Turkey. This was a state that controlled much of Southeast

Europe, Western Asia and North Africa between the 14th and early 20th centuries. After 1354, the Ottomans crossed into Europe, and with the conquest of the Balkans, the Ottoman beylik was transformed into a transcontinental empire. The Ottomans ended the Byzantine Empire with the 1453 conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed the Conqueror.

What is British?

British people or Britons, also known colloquially as Brits, are the citizens and diaspora of the United Kingdom, the British Overseas Territories

and the Crown dependencies.

British nationality law governs modern British citizenship and nationality, which can be acquired, for instance, by descent from British nationals.

The British are a diverse, multinational, multicultural and multilingual people, with "strong regional accents, expressions and identities". The social structure of the United Kingdom has changed radically since the 19th century, with a decline in religious observance, enlargement of the middle class, and increased ethnic diversity, particularly since the 1950s, when citizens of the British Empire were encouraged to immigrate to Britain to work as part of the recovery from World War II.

The population of the UK stands at around 67 million, with around 50 million being White British. This includes 44.4 million in England and Wales as of 2021, and 4.2 million in Scotland as of 2022. 1.8 million identify as White in Northern Ireland, including White British and other White ethnicities, as of 2021.

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