Islam is a religion of peace and tolerance. This was the message of all the prophets and it is from God's way
The historical context is that this Quran verse was revealed at the Battle of Badr, a battle in which the pagans of Makkah traveled over 200 miles to destroy the Muslims of Madinah. The Pagans of Makkah had an army of about 1000 while the Muslims were only 300 followers. Muhammad and his followers had suffered severe persecutions and torture for 13 years in the city of Makkah. Having fled from Makkah to the safety of Madinah, they found that they were once again threatened.
It is obvious from historical and textual context therefore that this Quran verse does not promote the killing of innocents.
No. Islam forbids violence. It allows for defensive war where if Muslims are attacked first, then they are allowed to fight back.
This verse was revealed by God to Muhammad at a time when Muslims were being attacked by the enemy from Makkah on a regular basis. The verse only allows for self-defence fighting against those who 'withdraw not from you nor give you (guarantees) of peace besides restraining their hands'. So the guarantee of a peace treaty or agreement is required for the war and fighting to completely stop.
This verse is applicable to the Muslims during the time of Muhammad – historical Muslims – who were terrified of fighting in the battles to defend themselves because they were out numbered.
God bolstered their bravery by assuring them that they would be rewarded.
No. In the Bible, Moses orders the killing of all men