Rome: Islamic Conquests, Forced Conversions and Civil War

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Uploaded: 04 Apr 2012 (14 years ago) · Shared: 29 Sep 2017

Video Description (from Youtube)

The Early Middle Ages, 284--1000 (HIST 210) In this lecture, Professor Freedman discusses the Islamic conquests. Although they were in some sense religiously motivated, Arab did not attempt to

forcibly convert or eradicate Jews, Christians, or other non-Muslims. The conquests began as raids, but quickly escalated when the invaders discovered that Byzantium and Persia were too weak to withstand their assault. In a relatively short period of time, the Arabs were able to conquer an area stretching from Spain to India. Against this background of successful conquests, Islam began to experience deep internal divisions. These began as criticisms of the election of Mohammed's successors, but broadened to criticize the Caliphate and the ruling family. Out of this strife came the division between Sunni and Shiite Muslims. Professor Freedman concludes the lecture with observations on the increasingly non-Arab Muslim populations.

00:00 - Chapter 1. Introduction: Apparent Paradoxes of Islamic Conquest
04:01 - Chapter 2. Mohammed's Successors and the Beginnings of Conquest
10:08 - Chapter 3. Factors Favoring Arab Conquest
18:43 - Chapter 4. Arab Conquests
25:05 - Chapter 5. Internal Divisions

Complete course materials are available at the Yale Online website: online.yale.edu

This course was recorded in Fall 2011.

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Overview & Key Concepts

Who is Paul Freedman?

Paul Freedman is the Chester D Tripp Professor of History at Yale University. He specializes in medieval social history, the history of Spain, the

study of medieval peasantry, and medieval cuisine.

What is Islam?

Early Islam or the history of Islam is believed, by most historians to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the

7th century CE. Although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islam) to the will of God. According to the traditional account, the Islamic prophet Muhammad began receiving what Muslims consider to be divine revelations in 610 CE, calling for submission to the one God, preparation for the imminent Last Judgement, and charity for the poor and needy.

Where is Rome?

Rome is the capital city of Italy and a special comune (named Comune di Roma Capitale). Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region. With

2,872,800 residents in 1,285 km2 (496.1 sq mi), it is also the country's most populated comune. It is the fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. It is the centre of the Metropolitan City of Rome, which has a population of 4.3 million residents. Rome is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio (Latium), along the shores of the Tiber. The Vatican City is an independent country inside the city boundaries of Rome, the only existing example of a country within a city: for this reason Rome has been often defined as capital of two states. Rome's history spans 28 centuries. While Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe.

Frequently Asked Questions

1.When did Catholic Christianity become official religion of Rome?

In 380 AD, Catholicism became the state religion of Rome. A calendar of feast days was set: Christmas - to mark the birth of Jesus; Easter - to mark the death and resurrection.

2.What happened when Rome chose Christianity as the state religion?

The Romans adopted the Roman Catholic version of Christianity; and chose the teachings of Paul over Jesus.

3.What is the "Lazarus Effect" or "Lazarus Syndrome" in science?

In medicine, this refers to a rare phenomenon where a patient's blood circulation spontaneously returns after CPR has failed and resuscitation attempts have stopped. The patient essentially "comes back to life."

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