Homoousios ('same substance') was a confusing and theologically Ambiguous word used by Athanasius, Eusebius and Marcellus

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https://trinities.org/blog/podcast-247-kegan-chandler-on-the-term-homoousios/ The famous church historian Eusebius tells us that at the famous 325 council at Nicea, it was the emperor Constantine who

suggested using the word homoousios (variously translated as “consubstantial,” “same esssence,” “same substance”).

Is this plausible? And if so, why would Constantine have done such a thing? What, if anything, in his own religious background would point him towards that term? What was Constantine’s theology, and how might he have understood it?

In this episode Kegan Chandler answers these questions using the latest historical research. He argues that we can go beyond the now widely agreed point that homoousios was employed by this council because it was not then a popular or widely used term, and so it did not have any widely accepted meaning. This enabled the majority of bishops to use the term as a stick with which to drive out Arius and his party, who did not like the term, while various bishops chose to interpret it in various ways, depending on their theological proclivities (e.g. Marcellan neo-monarchianism or Eusebian subordinationism). Whatever the various anti-Arian bishops were thinking, here Chandler ventures an educated guess as to what Constantine was thinking… and it has something to do with Egypt!

Links for this episode @ https://trinities.org/blog/podcast-247-kegan-chandler-on-the-term-homoousios/

The live-streamed version of this lecture.
The God of Jesus in Light of Christian Dogma
his blog Buried Deep
The God of Jesus
@Academia.edu
Rufinus’s corruption of Origen’s On First Principles – Part 1
Rufinus’s corruption of Origen’s On First Principles – Part 2
podcast 30 – The Council of Nicea
podcast 175 – Marcellus of Ancyra
This week’s thinking music is “Again, Once Again” by fluffy.

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Overview & Key Concepts

Who is Kegan Chandler?

Kegan Chandler is a Christian author and researcher of Early Christianity, pagan religion, and Gnosticism. He is an adjunct professor at Atlanta Bible

College. Chandler holds a Master of Theology from Campbellsville University's School of Theology, where he studied Church History and Theology, and is a graduate of SCAD University, where he studied Graeco-Roman drama, medieval literature, and dramatic writing.
 
He is the author of the forthcoming book 'Constantine and the Divine Mind' (Wipf and Stock, TBD), and 'The God of Jesus in Light of Christian Dogma' (Restoration Fellowship, 2016). He is also an award-winning screenwriter, and currently writes for his blog on Church history.
 
Chandler also sits on the board of directors of the Unitarian Christian Alliance (formed 2019), and New Life Ministries of America, Inc., a small non-profit which has been producing Christian literature and financing overseas missions since 1994.

Who was Athanasius?

Athanasius of Alexandria (298-373 AD), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or Athanasius the Apostolic was the 20th bishop of

Alexandria (as Athanasius I). His on-again-off-again episcopate spanned 45 years of which over 17 encompassed five exiles, when his episcopate was replaced on the order of four different Roman emperors. Athanasius was a Christian theologian, a Church Father, the chief defender of Trinitarianism against Arianism, and a noted Egyptian leader of the fourth century. Conflict with Arius and Arianism as well as successive Roman emperors shaped Athanasius' career. In 325 AD, at the age of 27, Athanasius began his leading role against the Arians as a deacon and assistant to Bishop Alexander of Alexandria during the First Council of Nicaea. Roman emperor Constantine the Great had convened the council in August 325 to address the Arian position that the Son of God, Jesus of Nazareth, is of a distinct substance from the Father.

What is Homoousios?

Homoousios or Homoousion ('same in being, same in essence') is a Christian theological term. Homoousios is most notably used in the Nicene Creed in

325 AD, for describing Jesus (God the Son) as "same in being" or "same in essence" with God the Father. The same term was later also applied to the Holy Spirit in order to designate him as being "same in essence" with the Father and the Son. Those notions became cornerstones of theology in Nicene Christianity, and also represent one of the most important theological concepts within the Trinitarian doctrinal understanding of God.

Who was Eusebius?

Eusebius of Caesarea (260-340 AD) was a historian of Christianity, exegete, and Christian polemicist. He became the bishop of Caesarea Maritima about

314 AD. Together with Pamphilus, he was a scholar of the Biblical canon and is regarded as an extremely learned Christian of his time. During the Council of Antiochia (325) he was excommunicated for subscribing to the heresy of Arius (Arianism), and thus withdrawn during the First Council of Nicaea where he accepted that the Homoousion referred to the Logos. Never recognized as a saint, he became counselor of Constantine the Great, and with the bishop of Nicomedia he continued to polemicize against Saint Athanasius of Alexandria, Church Fathers, since he was condemned in the First Council of Tyre in 335.

What is Sin?

In Abrahamic contexts, sin is the act of violating God's will. Sin can also be viewed as anything that violates the ideal relationship between an

individual and God; or as any diversion from the ideal order for human living. To sin has been defined as "to miss the mark".
 
Sins fall in a spectrum from minor errors to deadly misdeeds. Catholicism regards the least corrupt sins as venial sins which are part of human living and carry immediate consequences on earth, and, if unrepented for, more painful purgation, assuming the person is destined to heaven, as it is written in the formation letter "Purgatory", "most of the early Fathers of the Church speak of a cleansing fire, though we cannot tell whether this means actual or spiritual fire."
 
Conversely, sins of great evil are mortal sins which bring the consequence of hell if they are not addressed either through an act of perfect contrition or going to confession about them.

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