Exodus from Egypt, yet the name "Judaism" only comes into common usage after the Babylonian Exile in the sixth century BCE. Before the Exile, Judah was an independent kingdom. After it, Judeans lived under a succession of empires: Persian, Greek, and Roman, with a brief interlude of native rule.
This course traces those five centuries of transformation: When the Torah Became Law, the Maccabean revolt, the rise of apocalypticism, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the messianic expectations that would shape Judaism and Christianity alike.