Julius Caesar, Romans and Pagan Worship

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Uploaded: 29 May 2014 (12 years ago) · Shared: 20 Sep 2017

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Ryan M. Reeves (PhD Cambridge) is Assistant Professor of Historical Theology at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. Twitter: https://twitter.com/RyanMReeves Instagram:

https://instagram.com/ryreeves4/

Website: http://www.gordonconwell.edu/academics/view-faculty-member.cfm?faculty_id=15906&grp_id=8947

This is Lecture 3 in the course 'Church History: Early and Medieval'. All material is copyrighted.

For the entire course, see the playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLRgREWf4NFWZEd86aVEpQ7B3YxXPhUEf-

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EXPLORE TOPICS : ROMAN | 94 PAGAN | 133 CAESAR | 24 RYAN REEVES | 11

Overview & Key Concepts

Who is Ryan Reeves?

Ryan Reeves is Assistant Professor of Historical Theology at Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary. He is also an adjunct professor for Reformed

Theological Seminary and teaches summers at Campus Crusade (Cru). Reeves received his PhD from Cambridge University and has two masters from Reformed Theological Seminary. He also was a guest student in theology at the University of Munster and has studied at Notre Dame's Medieval Institute and the Centro Pro Unione in Rome.

What is Caesar?

Gaius Julius Caesar, 100-44 BC, known by his cognomen Julius Caesar, was a Roman politician and military general. Caesar played a critical role in the

events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.

What is Roman?

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization. From the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western

Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire. The civilization began as an Italic settlement in the Italian peninsula, dating from the 8th century BC, that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population) and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.

What is Pagan?

Paganism is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians. It was applied on populations of the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism

either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ). Alternate terms in Christian texts for the same group were hellene, gentile, and heathen. Pagan and paganism were pejorative terms for the same polytheistic group, implying its inferiority. Paganism has broadly connoted the "religion of the peasantry", and for much of its history was a derogatory term. Both during and after the Middle Ages, pagan was a pejorative term that was applied to any non-Abrahamic or unfamiliar religion, and the term presumed a belief in false god(s).

Frequently Asked Questions

1.How was Christianity made appealing to pagan idol worshippers?

Pope Gregory I (540-604 CE), a famous Christian leader encouraged accomodating pagan customs and beliefs. So if pagans worshipped a Tree or Spirit abiding in it, rather than shun the pagan worship, he urged priests to somehow link the worship to Jesus Christ, and allow them to continue their Tree or pagan idol worship.

2.How was 25th December celebrated by pagans?

December 25th was the most important of Sun Festivals, the new birth of the God, rising three days after 'dying' at the winter solstice. Today, the celebration continues and its many features can be witnessed. A few of these include:

* Excessive eating, drinking and merry was commin in Saturnalia festival
* Father Christmas (Red Man) - who was originally Apollo, the Sun-God or Thor God depicted as an elderly man, jovial or friendly, of heavy build with a long white beard who drove a chariot through the sky
* Fireplace - the fireplace in pagan homes was sacred to Thor God which he would descend though the chimney
* Giving of gifts - a feature of Saturnalia festival
* Christmas card bearing the cheeky robin bird (with its chest bearing the flame symbol)
* Snowman - who melts when the Sun comes out (is defeated by the Sun)
* Fir-tree trinkets and decorations, symbolising life in the 'dead' parts of the world
* Holly - to deflect evil goblins in winter solstice
* Ivy - the female version of the 'male' holly
* Mistletoe - used by pagan druids in their worship
* Yule Log - sacred to the Thor God which is symbolised today as a chocolate cake

3.How were the Triadic or 'Trinity-like' Pagan Gods presented?

Ancient triadic deities in the Roman Empire were depicted in art and monuments as a single, unified figure featuring three distinct faces or heads to illustrate their triune nature.

4.Does the Christian Trinity come from pagan Triadic dieties?

Yes, the core teachings of modern Trinitarian Christian churches do not come from Jesus, but were pagan three-in-one concepts that existed long before his arrival and were later adopted by Christians to make their doctrine highly appealing to idol-worshipping masses.

5.Why are their so many similarities between Jesus Christ and all the pagan Gods?

It is probable the reason why the Church priests burned and destroyed the earlier records of pagan Gods was to hide the evidence for the real origins of their own Christian mythology.

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