Crusades: Roman Catholic Church began the African Slave Trade

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Uploaded: 03 Jul 2016 (10 years ago) · Shared: 01 Aug 2017

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John Henrik Clarke discusses the Roman Constantine, Christian Crusades, Black Slavery, African origin of Christianity; the Original Hebrews; and the relationship between Africans and Arabs.

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Overview & Key Concepts

Who is John Henrik Clarke?

John Henrik Clarke (born John Henry Clark, January 1, 1915-July 12, 1998), was an American historian. He was a professor, and a pioneer in the

What is Catholic?

The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church. This is the largest Christian church, with approximately 1.3 billion baptised Catholics

worldwide, as of 2016. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history and development of Western civilisation. The church is headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope. Its central administration, the Holy See, is in the Vatican City, an enclave within Rome, Italy. Catholic theology is based on the Nicene Creed.

What is Crusades?

The Crusades were a series of religious wars sanctioned by the Latin Church in the medieval period. The wars were largely in response to 400 years of

Muslim wars of conquest in Christian lands. The most commonly known Crusades were the campaigns in the Eastern Mediterranean aimed at recovering the Holy Land from Muslim rule. Crusades were fought for a variety of reasons including the suppression of paganism and heresy, the resolution of conflict among rival Roman Catholic groups, or for political and territorial advantage.

What is African?

The ethnic groups of Africa number in the thousands. Each population generally having its own language (or dialect of a language) and culture. The

ethnolinguistic groups include various Afroasiatic, Khoisan, Niger-Congo and Nilo-Saharan populations.

What is the Church?

A church is a building used for Christian worship services and Christian activities. The earliest identified Christian church is a house church

founded between 233 AD and 256 AD. The word church also describes a body or assembly of Christian believers, while "the Church" refers to the worldwide Christian religious community.

What is Slave?

Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people. Thus allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as

a de jure form of property. A slave is unable to withdraw unilaterally from such an arrangement and works without remuneration. Slavery began to exist before written history, in many cultures. A person could become enslaved from the time of their birth, capture, or purchase. While slavery was institutionally recognized by most societies, it has now been outlawed in all recognized countries, the last being Mauritania in 2007. Nevertheless, there are an estimated 45.8 million people subject to some form of modern slavery worldwide.

What is Roman?

In historiography, ancient Rome is Roman civilization. From the founding of the city of Rome in the 8th century BC to the collapse of the Western

Roman Empire in the 5th century AD, encompassing the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire until the fall of the western empire. The civilization began as an Italic settlement in the Italian peninsula, dating from the 8th century BC, that grew into the city of Rome and which subsequently gave its name to the empire over which it ruled and to the widespread civilisation the empire developed. The Roman empire expanded to become one of the largest empires in the ancient world, though still ruled from the city, with an estimated 50 to 90 million inhabitants (roughly 20% of the world's population) and covering 5.0 million square kilometres at its height in AD 117.

Frequently Asked Questions

1.When was the word 'Catholic' first used?

The linguistic term 'Catholic' derived from a Greek word meaning 'universal' was historically recorded as early as 107 CE in the letters of Ignatius of Antioch.

2.When did Catholic Christianity become official religion of Rome?

In 380 CE, under the Edict of Thessalonica issued by Emperor Theodosius I, Nicene (Catholic) Christianity officially became the state religion of the Roman Empire, leading to the institutional regulation of religious practices and the formalisation of a calendar of feast days like Christmas and Easter.

3.How did early Catholics learn about Christianity?

Early Catholics were taught Christianity by the priests, nuns and at Catholic schools - and not through Bible study. The priests role was to pass on Christian beliefs and practise to his congregation. The priest acted as an intermediary between God and the people; as mankind was regarded as inherently sinful.

Catholics were discouraged from individual Bible study and pushed towards conforming with traditional Church teachings.

4.When were Catholics encouraged to read the Bible for themselves?

In 1909, Pope Pius X first encouraged Bible study. For the first time, Catholics could now study the Bible for themselves and Catholicism returned to being a 'religion of the book' for the people

5.Was Jesus a Catholic Christian?

Historically, Jesus was a practicing Jew, and the original Jesus movement was a reform movement within Judaism . Conversely, the Catholic Church views Jesus' mission as universal, intended for the entire world, not just the Jewish people .

6.Does the Bible tell us to act like slaves?

Historically, the Bible has been used by some to enslave, subjugate and dominate over a people.

The 'Curse of Ham' Myth: Pro-slavery advocates twisted Genesis 9 to claim that people of African descent were divinely cursed to be eternal servants.

Old Testament Legal Protection: Slaveholders cited Leviticus 25 to argue that purchasing foreign bondmen and passing them down as inherited property was biblically sanctioned.

Weaponising Obedience Verses: Plantation owners frequently read verses like Ephesians 6:5 ('Slaves, obey your masters') to religiously brainwash enslaved people against rebelling.

The Redacted 'Slave Bible': British and American authorities physically censored the scriptures, deleting the entire Book of Exodus to hide the narrative of freedom from bondage.

Enforcing Fugitive Slave Laws: Pro-slavery preachers used Paul's letter to Philemon to argue that runaway slaves were legally and spiritually obligated to return to their masters.

7.What is the difference between Black Man and African American Man?

'Black' is a broad racial term describing people of African descent globally, including those from the Caribbean, Europe, and Latin America. 'African American' is an ethnic descriptor specifically tracking descendants of enslaved Africans in the United States.

8.Why did early Christians have church synods and councils?

Early Christian bishops organized regional synods and ecumenical councils to systematically define orthodox Christian doctrines and combat widespread heresies. These massive assemblies were essential for creating a unified creed, standardizing the New Testament canon, and establishing clear administrative laws for a rapidly growing global church. Prominent gatherings, like the Council of Nicaea, were often financed and politically mandated by Roman emperors to secure empire-wide religious stability.

9.How did James, leader of the Jerusalem Church, view Apostle Paul?

Paul's new doctrine met with disapproval from the Jewish-Christians of the Jerusalem Church led by James, who regarded the substitution of Jesus' atoning death for the observance of the Torah as a lapse into paganism.

Paul was duly summoned to Jerusalem by the leaders James, Peter and John to explain his doctrine in 50 AD.

10.What are the origins of Christian church music?

Saint Ambrose (334-397), a keen advocate of church music is credited with introducing it into Christian worship.

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