Muawiyah, the Founder of the Umayyad Caliphate (661-750 AD) | Al-Muqaddimah

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Citations:
[1] Tim Mackintosh-Smith, Arabs: A 3000-Years History – p. 125
[2] Ali Muhammad al-Sallabi, The Biography of Uthman ibn Affan – p. 13
[3] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 7
[4] Baladhuri, Ansab-LDV, no. 83, p. 30
[5] Sunan Abi Dawud, 2086 (Sunnah.com)
[6] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – literally any page
[7] al-Tabari, XI – p. 81–83, 87–88
[8] al-Tabari, XII, 192–193
[9] Hugh Kennedy, Caliphate – See under “The Reigns of Abu Bakr and Umar, the First Caliphs
[10] al-Tabari, XII, 183–85; Baladhuri-Hitti, I, 216–19.
[11] Wilferd Madelung, The Succession to Muhammad – p. 60-61
[12] Hugh Kennedy, Caliphate – See under Uthman and the First Crisis of the Caliphate
[13] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 51
[14] al-Tabari, XV, p. 26–27
[15] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – p. 327
[16] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – p. 328
[17] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 60-61
[18] Abdullah al-Udhari, Classical Poems by Arab Women – p. 78
[19] Tim Mackintosh-Smith, Arabs: A 3000-Years History – p. 216
[20] al-Tabari, XV – p. 164, 259, 261
[21] al-Tabari, XV – p. 136-38, 149–53, 185
[22] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 71
[23] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 74
[24] Hugh Kennedy, Caliphate – See under Ali and the End of the Orthodox Caliphate
[25] Reza Aslan, No God but God – p. 134
[26] al-Tabari, XVI, 196–197
[27] Tim Mackintosh-Smith, Arabs: A 3000-Years History – p. 220
[28] al-Tabari, XVII, 85–86
[29] Martin Hinds, The Siffin Arbitration Agreement – p. 93-128
[30] Fred M. Donner, Muhammad and the Believers – p. 190
[31] Hannah-Lena Hagemann, The Kharijites in Early Islamic Historical Tradition – p. 137
[32] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 74
[33] “Maronite Chronicle” in Robert Hoyland’s Seeing Islam as Others Saw it – p. 138
[34] Fred M. Donner, Muhammad and the Believers – p. 167
[35] al- Tabari, XVIII – 23–24
[36] Hannah-Lena Hagemann, The Kharijites in Early Islamic Historical Tradition – p. 165
[37] Baladhuri, Ansab, II, 271
[38] Baladhuri-‘Abbas, IV/1, 206–208; also Tabari, XVIII, 78–81
[39] Wadad al-Qadi, Population Census and Land Surveys under the Ummayyads – p. 341-416
[40] Julius Wellhausen, The Arab Kingdom and Its Fall, p. 132–135
[41] “Maronite Chronicle” in Robert Hoyland’s Seeing Islam as Others Saw it – p. 138
[42] Hugh Kennedy, The Great Arab Conquests – p. 330
[43] Ibn Khaldun-Rosenthal, I, 421–423
[44] al- Baladhuri, Ansab-LDV, no.147, p. 54–55
[45] R. Stephen Humphreys, Mu'awiya ibn abi Sufyan: From Arabia to Empire – p. 121
[46] Baladhuri, Ansab-LDV, no. 83, p. 30
[47] Baladhuri, Ansab-LDV, no. 107, p. 38
[48] al-Tabari, XVIII, 198
[49] Sibt al-Jawzi al-Hanafi, Tazkirat al-Khawas – p. 191-192
[50] Chase Robinson, Abd al-Malik – p. 43

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