Pfizer-Biontech COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine Explained

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532 views · Last viewed: 17 hrs ago
Uploaded: 11 Nov 2020 (6 years ago) · Shared: 24 Nov 2020

Video Description (from Youtube)

Professor Roger Seheult, MD discusses the Pfizer / Biontech COVID-19 mRNA vaccine: How it works and what we know about the safety and efficacy at this time. No mRNA vaccine has ever been approved

by the FDA, but Pfizer and BioNTech hope to receive emergency approval based on preliminary data from their ongoing vaccine trial.

This two-dose vaccine regimen has limitations including the need for -70 C refrigeration and many questions remain:
Will the vaccine prevent transmission and asymptomatic spread?
How long will immunity last?
Will “90% effective” hold up to peer-review and additional data when it is gathered?

(This video was recorded on November 12, 2020).

Dr. Seheult is the co-founder and lead instructor at https://www.medcram.com

LINKS / REFERENCES:

Johns Hopkins Tracker | https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html

Worldometer | https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/

COVID-19 vaccine tracker (RAPS) | https://www.raps.org/news-and-articles/news-articles/2020/3/covid-19-vaccine-tracker

Safety and Immunogenicity of Two RNA-Based Covid-19 Vaccine Candidates (NEJM) | https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2027906

A prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike RNA vaccine is highly immunogenic and prevents lung infection in non-human primates (bioRxiv) | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.09.08.280818v1.full.pdf

Pfizer and BioNTech Announce Vaccine Candidate Against COVID-19 Achieved Success in First Interim Analysis from Phase 3 Study (BioNTech) | https://investors.biontech.de/news-releases/news-release-details/pfizer-and-biontech-announce-vaccine-candidate-against-covid-19

Why mRNA represents a disruptive new drug class {BioNTech) | https://biontech.de/how-we-translate/mrna-therapeutics

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Roger Seheult, MD
Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.
Associate Professor at the University of California, Riverside School of Medicine

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Video Produced by Kyle Allred

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Overview & Key Concepts

What is Vaccine?

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent

that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and to further recognize and destroy any of the microorganisms associated with that agent that it may encounter in the future. The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases; widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the restriction of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world.

Who are MedCram?

MedCram offers a dramatically more efficient, engaging, fun, and lasting way to learn and review medical topics. MedCram was founded in 2012 by Dr

Roger Seheult and one of his former PA students, Kyle Allred, with one word in mind: CLARITY.

What is COVID?

Coronaviruses are a group of viruses that cause diseases in mammals and birds. In humans, coronaviruses cause respiratory tract infections that are

typically mild, such as the common cold, though rarer forms such as SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 can be lethal. Symptoms vary in other species: in chickens, they cause an upper respiratory tract disease, while in cows and pigs they cause diarrhea. There are yet to be vaccines or antiviral drugs to prevent or treat human coronavirus infections.

What is mRNA?

mRNA or messenger RNA, in molecular biology is a single-stranded molecule of RNA that corresponds to the genetic sequence of a gene, and is read by a

ribosome in the process of synthesizing a protein. During transcription, RNA polymerase makes a copy of a gene from the DNA to mRNA as needed. This process is slightly different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes, including that prokaryotic RNA polymerase associates with DNA-processing enzymes during transcription so that processing can proceed during transcription. As in DNA, genetic information in mRNA is contained in the sequence of nucleotides, which are arranged into codons consisting of three base pairs each. Each codon codes for a specific amino acid, except the stop codons, which terminate protein synthesis. The translation of codons into amino acids requires two other types of RNA: transfer RNA, which recognizes the codon and provides the corresponding amino acid, and ribosomal RNA (rRNA), the central component of the ribosome's protein-manufacturing machinery.

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