complicated, and perhaps more welcome, than previously thought.
The medieval history of Muslims in Spain and Portugal is well established, but information about the experience of Muslims in France during the same time period has been more difficult to find.
According to historical documents, around the year 719, Muslim troops from the Umayyad army crossed the eastern Pyrenees and occupied the region around Narbonne 530 miles south of modern-day Paris. But the occupation was short-lived. By 760, the Franks, who came from the north, took over the region known as Septimania.
NEWSLETTER: Get the day’s top headlines from Times Editor Davan Maharaj >>
Very little known is about these early [...]