The Druze religion is a monotheistic, Abrahamic, and highly secretive syncretic faith that emerged during the 11th century in Cairo, Egypt. Adherents, known as the Druze, are a distinct ethnoreligious group primarily living in the Levant. The faith blends the foundational monotheism of Shia Isma'ili Islam with elements of Christianity, Gnosticism, ancient Greek philosophy (such as Neoplatonism and Pythagoreanism), and Hinduism.
The historical division between the two main branches of Islam stems from a political disagreement following the Prophet Muhammad's death in 632 CE over who should lead the Muslim community:
• Sunni Muslims: Comprising roughly 85-90% of the global Muslim population, they believed leadership should pass to the most capable companion elected by the community, choosing Abu Bakr as the first Caliph.
• Shia Muslims: Comprising about 10-15% of Muslims, they argued that leadership was a divine right that should remain exclusively within the Prophet's immediate family, asserting that his cousin and son-in-law, Ali ibn Abi Talib, was the rightful successor (Imam).
Sufism (known in Arabic as Tasawwuf) is the mystical, inner dimension of Islam. Rather than a separate sect, Sufis can be either Sunni or Shia. Sufism focuses on the purification of the heart, spiritual asceticism, and cultivating a direct, deeply personal love for God. Sufi practices often include meditation, rhythmic chanting of God's names (Dhikr), and poetry, popularized historically by figures like Jalaluddin Rumi.
| 1. Significant rise in number of Muslims fasting in Latin America | Shia Waves |