The crescent is not a symbol of Islam, but of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans are those tribes that moved to Turkey from east and middle Asia. They converted to Islam and built a huge Muslim Empire that ruled the whole Muslim world for centuries. When they took Islam as a religion they started using the lunar calendar, the calendar that was used by Muslims, Jews and early Christians. Even today, the flag of Turkey has a crescent on it. There was no crescent on any mosque built before the Ottomans era.
The religion was founded by Baha'u'llah (born Mirza Husayn-'Ali, 1817-1892), whose title means 'Glory of God' in Arabic. His mission was preceded by a herald known as The Bab ('The Gate'). Because of his progressive teachings, Baha'u'llah faced decades of exile, torture, and imprisonment by Persian and Ottoman authorities.
A Caliphate is a historical form of Islamic government led by a Caliph (meaning 'successor'), who acts as both the political and administrative leader of the Muslim community (Ummah). The Caliphate is intended to unite the Muslim world under a single governance model ruled by Islamic law. The historical lineage began with the Rashidun (Rightly Guided) Caliphs immediately following the Prophet Muhammad, succeeded by major empires like the Umayyads, Abbasids, and ultimately the Ottoman Empire, which was formally dissolved in 1924.
In 1916, British influence led to creation of Saudi Arabia, and demise of Ottoman Caliphate - Imran Hosein
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| 1. Saudi Arabia changes Turkish 'Ottoman Empire' to 'Occupation' in school textbooks | MEMO |