What is the history of Israel and Palestine?

1500 BC - Moses

• Moses crossed the Red Sea and led followers out of Egypt to the Holy Land

63 BC - Holy Land

• Romans controlled the Holy Land

33 AD - Jesus Crucified

• Jesus was crucified in Golgotha, Jerusalem according to Helena, mother of Constantine.

132 - Rome

• Roman Emperor Hadrian joined the Holy Land provinces Judaea and Galilee, including Samaria, Judea and Idumea to form a new province Syria Palaestina

1204 - Palaestina

• Under Byzantine Rule, Syria Palaestina became known as Palaestina.

1516 - Ottoman Empire

• Ottoman Empire ruled over Palaestina.

1880 - Zionism

• Birth of political Zionism which believed that Jews needed a separate state.

1882 - Immigration

• Ottomon sultan approves Jewish immigration to Ottoman territories.

1897 - Jewish State

• Political Zionists wanted a Jewish state in Palaestina.
• World Zionist Organisation created to advocate for Jewish homeland in Palestine.
• Majority of Jews across the world oppose Zionism for 50 years, up until the Holocaust
• Jews constitute 3% of Palaestina's population.
• Jews live peacefully alongside Muslims and Christians in Palaestina.
• Arabs stood against the idea of a Jewish state in Palaestina.

1917 - Balfour Declaration

• British forces attacked Ottoman Empire in WW1; British won
• Lord Balfour, UK Foreign Minister supported political Zionism.
• Britain declares a national home for Jewish people will be founded in Palaestina
• Britain declares that civil and religious rights of non-Jewish communities will be preserved.

1922 - UK Mandate

• The League of Nations grants UK a 'Mandate for Palaestine'
• UK receives political control of Palaestina, with no regard for the inhabitants.
• Authorities attempt to limit Jewish emigration

1923 - Palestine

• British mandate over Palaestinia started, and name Palestine introduced.

1930 - Jewish Uprising

• Up till now, Jews, Christians and Muslims lived in Palestine relatively peacefully.
• Jewish uprising sees armed Jewish terrorist groups engage and attack British troops.

1946 - King David Hotel

• Irgun, a Zionist paramilitary group bomb the King David Hotel, the British headquarters for Palestine killing 91 and injuring 46 people.
   |  Wikipedia: Irgun

1947 - United Nations (UN) Partition Plan

• British called for UN's assistance to solve Palestine Crisis.
• UN voted and divide western Palestine into two states: 55% Palestinian land to Jews, and remaining 45% to Arabs.
• The population of Palestine was 30% Jews to 70% Arabs.
• The UN Plan rejected by Arab nations.

1948 - Creation of Israel

• On May 14, 1948, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, proclaimed the establishment of Israel.
• US President Harry Truman recognized the new nation, Israel on the same day.
• 1 Million Palestinians forced out of Palestine, land now taken over by Israel (Exodus)
• Immigration of European Jews into Israel resulting in major demographic changes. Majority of the Palestinian land is now non-Muslim.
• Jerusalem controlled by both Jordan (East Jerusalem) and Israel (West Jerusalem), as per UN agreement.
    history.state.gov

1949 - War of Independence

• First Arab-Israeli war broke out
• Israel fought against Jordan, Egypt, Iraq, Lebanon and Syria
• Israel won the war and now controlled 78% of Palestine.
• Over 700,000 Palestinians Arabs become refugees.

Al-Nakba

• UN Resolution 181 proposed a partition in Palestine creating seperate Jewish and Arab states.
• UN Resolution 181 resulted in 170,000 Palestinians evicted and destruction of 500 Palestinian villages

1967 - Six Day War

• Israel launches a pre-meditated air, search and ground military strike on Egypt, Jordan and Syria
• Israel seized control of Sinai, Gaza, West Bank, Golan Heights and Jerusalem
• Israel invades East Jerusalem and occupies it.
• Israel controls all of Jerusalem and considers the entire city its capital.
• Parts of Al-Aqsa Mosque complex bombed and destroyed.
• Israel controlled 100% of former British Mandate Palestine.
• Israel starts to build illegal settlements on captured Palestinian land.

1978 - Camp David Accord

• Jimmy Carter, US President brokers agreement between Egypt and Israel.
• Israel returns Sinai to Egypt.
• Egypt to recognize Israel as an independent country.

1987 - Intifada

• Palestinians in desperation rise up against increasing illegal settlements and land-grabbing activity in Gaza and West Bank.
• Palestinians protest in non-violent civil disobedience ways as they are mostly unarmed.
• Hamas, a Palestinian resistance movement is formed to counter Zionist Israeli aggression.

1993 - Oslo Accord

• Control of Gaza and West Bank transferred from Israel to Palestinian Authority

1994 - Peace Treaty

• Israel-Jordan Peace Treaty

2003 | Road Map for Peace - Road Map

• The EU, UN, USA and Russia release a Road Map that outlines a clear timetable towards the establishment of a Palestinian State.

2004 | Israeli Apartheid Wall - Apartheid Wall

• International Criminal Court (ICC) orders that Israel's seperation wall is illegal, be dismantled and compensation paid.
• Israel ignores ICC judgement and continues wall construction.

2007 - Seige of Gaza

• Israel imposes a blockade, on border and sea port on Gaza, placing restriction on movement of goods and people.

2008 - Operation Cast Lead

• Egyptian-brokered Hamas-Israel cease-fire, followed by 2008-09 Gaza War
• Israel launches air and ground assault on Gaza, killing 1391, injuring 5300 Palestinians, and demolishing 11,514 homes.

2010 - Flotilla Massacre

• Israeli commandos board Mavi Marmara ship in international waters, kill 9 Turkish activists.
• Israeli commandos attack Gaza Freedom Flotilla delivering vital medical aid and building supplies to Gaza

2011 - Statehood Bid

• Palestine submits a bid to the UN for statehood and membership.

2012 - Op. Pillar of Defence (101 Palestinian killed)

• Israel breaks ceasefire agreemnent, causing Hamas to resume rocket fire.
• Israel attacks Hamas with 1500 air strikes, 7 navy strikes and 360 mortar shells; killing 101 Palestinian civilians.

2014 - Op. Protective Edge (2000 Palestinians killed)

• Israel attacks Gaza after a Palestine Unity government formed.
• Israel kills over 2000 Palestinians (mostly civilians).

2017 - Jerusalem

• USA under president Trump becomes first country to recognize Jerusalem as Israel's capital.
• UN maintains Jerusalem is to be shared between Muslims and Jews.
• Palestine demands East Jerusalem is recognized as their future capital.
• 75% of Israel's population is Jewish and 17% Muslim.